Furthermore, a cost-performance analysis for this improved dual-stage design was carried out for distributed-CSP systems. Ultimately, we were able to demonstrate thermal efficiency improvements of the Na-TEC heat engine from 19% up to 40.3%, in a dual-stage (non-optimized) prototype module that we designed, fabricated, and tested with high temperature stage at 923 K. According to this analysis, a maximum efficiency of 29% and a maximum power output of 125 W can be achieved.
A number of simplifications are applied in the reduced-order model to decrease the computational time while maintaining acceptable accuracy. A reduced-order finite-element model is used in conjunction with a Na-TEC thermodynamic model that was developed to determine the total parasitic heat loss of this dual-stage design. Moreover, a thermal design of an axisymmetric dual-stage Na-TEC is developed to guide the scale-up and fabrication of sub-components of prototype module. We also established an application regime map for the single- and dual-stage Na-TEC in terms of the power density and the total thermal parasitic loss. In light of this, we first designed and developed a thermo-electrochemical model, and thermodynamically demonstrated how the dual-stage device can improve more » the efficiency by up to 8% points over the best performing single-stage device. This dual-stage Na-TEC takes advantage of regeneration and reheating, and could be amenable to better thermal management. To mitigate some of these limitations, we consider dividing the isothermal expansion into two stages one at the evaporator temperature (1150 K) and another at an intermediate temperature (650 K –1050 K). However, thermal designs have confined previous single-stage devices to thermal efficiencies below 20%. The Na-TEC is a closed system that can theoretically achieve conversion efficiencies above 45% when operating between thermal reservoirs at 1150 K and 550 K. Na-TEC is a heat engine that generates electricity through the isothermal expansion of sodium ions. The primary objective of this project is to develop a dual-stage modular sodium thermal electrochemical converter (Na-TEC) heat engine power block, which can be potentially integrated with either a small-scale dish solar or large-scale heliostats and parabolic trough CSP.
Department of Energy Solar Energy Technologies Office. Uses only premium-quality materials.The Sodium Ion Expansion Power Block for Distributed CSP was a three-plus-one-year effort under the Concentrating Solar Power: Advanced Projects Offering Low LCOE Opportunities (CSP: APOLLO) funding program within the U.S.
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